Retaining & slopes · Gravity & cantilever walls
Retaining wall stability calculator
Cantilever wall: sliding, overturning, eccentricity and toe pressure.
Standard: AS 4678 practice · Rankine
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Inputs in the worked example
The live calculator starts with these values; change any of them and every result, check and diagram updates instantly.
| Input | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Retained height (stem) | 3 | m |
| Base thickness | 0.4 | m |
| Base width | 2.4 | m |
| Toe length | 0.6 | m |
| Stem thickness | 0.3 | m |
| Backfill γ | 18 | kN/m³ |
| Backfill φ' | 30 | ° |
| Base friction angle δ | 24 | ° |
| Surcharge | 10 | kPa |
| Allowable bearing | 200 | kPa |
Worked example — results
| Result | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Ka | 0.333 | |
| Horizontal force | 46.0 | kN/m |
| Vertical load V | 142 | kN/m |
| Overturning moment | 58.6 | kNm/m |
| Restoring moment | 204 | kNm/m |
| FS sliding | 1.38 | |
| FS overturning | 3.48 | |
| Eccentricity e | 0.179 | m |
| Toe / heel pressure | 86 / 33 | kPa |
- ✗ Sliding FS ≥ 1.5
- ✓ Overturning FS ≥ 2.0
- ✓ Resultant in middle third
- ✓ Toe pressure ≤ qa
Method, formulas and assumptions
- Pa = ½ Ka γ H², Pq = Ka q H, H to the underside of the base
- Weights: stem, base, soil and surcharge over the heel (passive resistance ignored)
- FS sliding = V tan δ / ΣH; FS overturning = ΣMr/ΣMo about the toe
- e = B/2 − (Mr − Mo)/V; q = V/B (1 ± 6e/B)
- AS 4678 uses factored limit states; these working-stress factors are for preliminary sizing.
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For preliminary design and education. Check every result against the current standard and your own engineering judgement before use.