Site investigation · Laboratory: soil classification
Atterberg limits & plasticity chart calculator
Liquid limit from cone penetrometer or Casagrande points, PI, liquidity index and position on the plasticity chart.
Standard: AS 1289.3.9.1 cone / 3.1.1 Casagrande · AS 1289.3.2.1 PL
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Inputs in the worked example
The live calculator starts with these values; change any of them and every result, check and diagram updates instantly.
| Input | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| LL method | Cone penetrometer (20 mm) | |
| Points: penetration mm (or blows), moisture % | 15.2, 39.8 18.1, 43.1 21.4, 46.0 24.6, 49.3 | |
| Plastic limit | 21 | % |
| Natural moisture | 34 | % |
| Clay fraction < 2 µm (optional) | 30 | % |
Worked example — results
| Result | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Liquid limit LL | 44.7 | % |
| Plastic limit PL | 21.0 | % |
| Plasticity index PI | 23.7 | % |
| Liquidity index LI | 0.55 | |
| A-line PI at this LL | 18.0 | % |
| Group (plasticity chart) | CL · medium plasticity | |
| Activity PI / clay fraction | 0.79 |
- ✓ Fit is good (R² ≥ 0.95) — R² = 0.998
- ✓ Point below U-line (physically plausible)
Method, formulas and assumptions
- LL = moisture at 20 mm cone penetration (linear fit)
- PI = LL − PL
- LI = (w − PL)/PI: LI < 0 hard, 0–1 plastic, > 1 liquid when remoulded
- A-line PI = 0.73(LL − 20); U-line PI = 0.9(LL − 8)
- Activity = PI / % clay (< 0.75 inactive, 0.75–1.25 normal, > 1.25 active)
Related site investigation calculators
- Specific gravity (pycnometer) — Two-trial lab sheet for soil particle density with temperature correction to 20 °C and repeatability check.
- Particle size distribution — Sieve masses to % passing, grading curve, D10/D30/D60, Cu, Cc and a USCS group symbol.
- Hydrometer analysis — Fine-fraction grading from hydrometer readings: particle diameter by Stokes' law and percent finer.
- Moisture, density & phase relations — Bulk and dry density, void ratio, porosity, saturation and field density ratio, with a three-phase diagram.
- Moisture content (oven drying) — Moisture content of several specimens from tin masses, with mean, range and repeatability check.
- Fines content by washing — Percentage finer than 75 µm from the dry mass before and after washing plus dry sieving of the residue.
- Liquid limit: cone penetrometer — Linear fit of moisture content against cone penetration; the liquid limit is w at 20 mm penetration.
- Liquid limit: Casagrande cup — Flow curve (w against log N) by least squares; LL at 25 blows and the flow index.
- Liquid limit: one-point method — LL from a single Casagrande reading using LL = wN (N/25)^0.121, valid for 20–30 blows.
- Plastic limit & consistency indices — PL from repeat threads, PI, liquidity and consistency index, activity and plasticity chart class (A-line).
For preliminary design and education. Check every result against the current standard and your own engineering judgement before use.